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Medicaid is a joint federal and state health insurance program that provides free or very low-cost coverage to eligible Americans. It covers doctor visits, hospital stays, prescription drugs, mental health services, and long-term care — often with no premium and no copay.
The program serves over 80 million Americans. Yet many people who qualify never sign up because they assume the income limits are too low.
Who Qualifies for Medicaid?
Under the Affordable Care Act expansion, adults with incomes up to 138% of the Federal Poverty Level qualify. In 2024, that means:
- Single adult: up to $20,783/year
- Family of two: up to $28,208/year
- Family of four: up to $43,056/year
States also automatically cover pregnant women, children under 19, seniors 65+, and people with disabilities who receive SSI.
What Does Medicaid Cover?
All state Medicaid programs must cover:
- Inpatient and outpatient hospital care
- Physician and nurse practitioner services
- Laboratory and X-ray services
- Family planning services
- Home health services
Many states add vision, dental, prescription drugs, and mental health services.
How to Check If You Qualify
Visit HealthCare.gov and use the eligibility screener — it takes about five minutes. You can also apply directly through your state Medicaid agency. Coverage can start the first day of the month you applied, and in some cases Medicaid covers bills from up to three months before your application.
Common Misconceptions
"I own a home, so I do not qualify." Home ownership does not affect eligibility for most adults under 65.
"I work, so I do not qualify." Working does not disqualify you. Medicaid is based on current monthly income.
How to Apply
There is no open enrollment period — apply any time through HealthCare.gov, your state Medicaid website, or by calling 1-800-318-2596. Most applications are decided within 45 days.
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